Maturity is the slow process of learning to endure the pain of deferred gratification as and when reality requires it – a process Freud saw as fostered by education and educators. In infancy and early childhood, the Id governs behavior predominantly by obeying the pleasure principle.
Jonathan Lear has argued that there was in fact an ethical dimension to Freud's concept of the reality principle, in that it was opposed to a neurotically distorted world-view. He argued however that “there is a path that leads back from phantasy to reality - the path, that is, of art”. In the 23rd lecture, Freud discussed the conflict between the realm of "Phantasy" and the reality principle, comparing the former to a nature reserve. In his introductory lectures of 1915, at the University of Vienna, Freud popularize the concept of the unconscious as the largest and most influential part of the mind, including those drives, instincts and motives humans are often forced to deny except in disguised form.
5.3 Strengthening the reality principleįreud argued that “an ego thus educated has become ‘reasonable’ it no longer lets itself be governed by the pleasure principle, but obeys the reality principle, which also, at bottom, seeks to obtain pleasure, but pleasure which is assured through taking account of reality, even though it is pleasure postponed and diminished”.5.2 Development of the reality principle.4 Consolidation of the reality principle.
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